Determination of ABO Blood Grouping from Dentin and Pulp from Freshly Extracted Teeth and Teeth Stored in Sea Water Using Absorption Elution and Absorption Inhibition Method

Introduction: Forensic Odontology plays a role in discerning a deceased individual in any disaster condition. In highly necrotised bodies, ABO blood group antigens can be found from teeth. Aim: We studied ABO blood grouping from dentin and pulp in freshly extracted teeth and also from the teeth stored in sea water. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 samples were selected & divided into 3 groups with 20 samples each. Group I analyzed within period of a week without any storage medium, group II, III were analyzed after 1 and 2 month of storage in sea water. Results: Statistical analysis was done using chi square test. By Absorption –Elution, pulp in group I, II, III, gave 90%,75%,75% of positivity. In dentin, Group I, II, III showed 55%, 45%, 20% of positivity. By Absorption -Inhibition method pulp in group I, II, III showed 45%, 20%, 0% of positivity. In dentin, group I, II, III showed 20%,5%,5% of positivity. Conclusion: This study concluded that pulp is most reliable than dentin even in sea water storage and absorption elution is most effective method in blood group identification in teeth than absorption inhibition method. ==================================== Introduction: Oral cancer (OC) is associated with various risk factors and high mortality rates, and contributes significantly to the worldwide cancer burden. Objectives: To assess and evaluate patients’ current knowledge, awareness, and behavior regarding OC risk in a cancer trust hospital. Materials and Methods: The study involved 600 patients who attended cancer trust hospital, East Godavari district, from September 2021 to October 2021. A self- administered questionnaire of 20-questions was given to each patient that included socio-demographic and disease-specific information and their answers evaluated. Results: The data was examined using descriptive statistics, and the connection between the variables, education, family income, and other factors was assessed using a chi-square test (with a 5% significance threshold). The results were analysed with reference to their implications for interventions aimed at patient’s awareness for oral cancer symptoms. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, people lacked information and awareness about identified risk factors for oral cancer. Knowledge of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that eliminates the consumption of established oral cancer risk factors was low. At the community and individual levels, health education linked to primary prevention of oral cancer must be improved.

Deep Sea Water in the Field of Mibyo and Preventive Medicine：A Japanese Perspective / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

Deep sea water is sea water below a depth of 200 m. Japan is the leading country in the world on industrial applications of deep sea water, which has characteristics such as cleanliness, and is rich in various kinds of minerals and inorganic nutrients compared to surface seawater. In addition, applications of deep sea water as a useful resource have become a world interest, especially in fields of presymptomatic diseases called mibyo and in preventive medicine. Evidence of deep sea water applications in experimental and clinical medicine of the following diseases, lifestyle diseases such as dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, diabetes and arteriosclerosis and atopic dermatitis, osteoporosis, cancer, peptic ulcer, cataracts and constipation are given particular attention in this review.

Environmental Transmission of Noroviruses and Study of Fecal Microorgnisms as Viral Indicators in the Suyeong River in Busan, Korea

In order to investigate the occurrence of norovirus in rivers and beaches, a total of 81 samples were tested at seven sites of Oncheon stream, Suyeong river and Gwanganri beach in Busan from January to November, 2017. To improve the detection of norovirus from sea water, we applied the inorganic cation-coated filter method which showed 48.8% ± 12.2% (n=3) and 27.4% ± 6.0% (n=3) recovery yields from river water and sea water inoculated with Norovirus, respectively. Norovirus was detected in a total of four samples (4.9%), which all were GII genotype. Norovirus GII was detected in three samples at two waste water treatment plants (WWTP) outlet and one sample at about 500 meter downstream from WWTP in both the winter and spring seasons. We also monitored fecal indicator organisms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus and coliphages [somatic coliphages (SC), male-specific coliphages (MSC)] to analyze the potential transmission of enteritis causative agent in dry and wet days. Bacterial influences were found at the site of the WWTP effluents in the dry days and spread further to the costal beach in the wet days. But no viral influences were found in the river downstream in both dry and wet days.

Efficacy of sterimar physiological sea water spray nasal spray on mild intermittent allergic rhinitis children / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the effect of sterimar physiological sea water spray nasal spray on children with mild intermittent allergic rhinitis (AR).Methods 81 cases with mild intermittent AR from March 2014 to March 2015.All the cases were divided into observation group (n=40) and control group (n=41) according to the double blind and random number table method.The control group were given conventional loratadine treatment, observation group on the basis of the control group given sterimar physiological sea water spray nasal spray treatment.The symptoms of allergic rhinitis, signs score, mucociliary transport rate and clinical curative effect between two groups pre-and post-treatment were analysed and compared.Results After treatment, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, signs score in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (t=12.908,t=11.340;P<0.05).The mucociliary transport rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (t =4.119;P<0.05).The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (97.50%vs.80.49%;χ2 =5.933,P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical treatment effect of sterimar physiological sea water spray nasal spray could effectively alleviate the symptoms in the treatment of children with mild intermittent AR, which has an accurate efficacy.

Effect of physiological deep-sea water on the hyperthermal tolerance of mice / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the effects of physiological deep-sea water(PDSW) on hyperthermal tolerance of Kunming (KM ) mice in the 45 .0 ℃ environment .Methods Deep-sea water from the south Chinese sea was processed ,and the metallic ele-ments dissolved in the DSW were analysed .The mice were randomly divided into 2 groups :the control group received tap water ;the experimental group treated with PDSW for 15 d .And then the mice were fed in the 45 .0 ℃ conditions .The survival time and histo-morphometric analyses of the brain ,lung ,heart ,liver and kidney were investigated .Results The survival time in PDSW-fed group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P< 0 .05) .Moreover ,histomorphometric analyses showed that PDSW could protect the brain ,lung ,heart ,liver and kidney of KM mice from the 45 .0 ℃ conditions .The results of western blot revealed that ex-pression of HSP72 of liver tissues for PDSW-fed group substantially increased ,when compared with the control mice(P< 0 .05) . Conclusion PDSW could improve hyperthermal tolerance of KM mice ,which maybe in the relation with expression of HSP72 pro-moted by PDSW .

The anti-cancer effects of physiological deep-sea water combined with hyperthermia for hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the anti‐cancer effects of physiological deep‐sea water(PDSW) combined with hyperther‐mia for hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro .Methods Deep‐sea water (DSW) from the south Chinese sea was processed ,and made in‐to PDSW ,detection of some elements .In vitro ,the cultured normal liver cells and human hepatoma QGY‐7703 cells were randomly divided into PDSW group and normal saline(NS) group ,the NS group received saline ,the PDSW group received different concentra‐tions of PDSW .Two groups were heated respectively to 6 h of 40 ℃ or 1 h of 43 ℃ ,24 ,48 ,72 h after the administration of PDSW or saline ,the normal liver cells and QGY‐7703 cells proliferation capacity and toxicity were investigated by MTT assay .At the same time testing PDSW and NS in 40 ℃ 6 h for 10 d state of human liver QGY‐7703 cell clone formation rate .Results The results of MTT assay showed that tumor inhibitory rate were time and concentration dependent in tow groups .Tumor inhibitory rate of PD‐SW group in different time was significantly higher than NS group (P<0 .05) .On the other hand ,the inhibitory of hepatocyte for PDSW group in different time were significantly lower than NS group .In addition ,the clone formation rate of PDSW group was lower than those of NS group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion PDSW can improve the heat tolerance of normal liver cells .When combine with heat ,it can obviously inhibit the growth of human liver cancer QGY‐7703 cells .

The influence of deep sea water on wound healing of mice / 重庆医学

Objective This experiment aimed to study the influence of deep sea water (DSW) on wound healing of mice .Methods 24 Mice were randomly divided into two groups :group DSW(n=12) and group sterilize tap water(STW)(n=12) ,freely feeding for 14 days respectively ,and calculated the amount of food and water .On the 15th day ,1 cm × 1 cm size of wound was established on the back area of mice ,and continued to feed with DSW and STW respectively .Tracking the wound healing rate .Specimen was taken in the edge of wound tissue on postoperative 3 ,5 ,7 days ,then observed histopathological changes .Results Compared group DSW with group STW ,there was no significant difference in the total amount of food and water .5 days after the formation of wounds ,the wound healing rate of group DSW was significantly higher than group STW .Histological observation :compared with group STW ,vascular endothelial cells and new capillaries of the group DSW was increased ,and group DSW had less inflammatory cell and more fibroblast cells proliferation .Conclusion deep sea water can promote wound healing .

Efecto de medios de cultivo preparados con agua de mar sobre indicadores sanitarios en aguas marinas de balnearios de Chichiriviche, estado Falcón, Venezuela / Effect of culture media prepared with sea water over health indicators in sea water of the Chichiriviche resort, Falcon State, Venezuela

Debido a su uso por humanos y para preservar la salud pública, los ambientes marinos recreacionales, deberían cumplir requisitos de calidad fisico-química y microbiológica. Sin embargo, actividades antropogénicas, tales como agricultura, ganadería, industriales, turísticas y domésticas, pueden descargar aguas servidas en playas marinas. La metodología vigente para evaluar la carga bacteriana de aguas recreacionales, no pareciera satisfactoria, particularmente en la detección de microorganismos patógenos debido a la presencia, en aguas marinas, de bacterias viables pero no cultivables (VBNC). Este estudio evaluó la carga bacteriana de aerobios mesófilos, coliformes totales/fecales y enterococos, en playas de Chichiriviche, Falcón, Venezuela y el efecto de concentraciones de agua marina sobre las densidades bacterianas. Las determinaciones se efectuaron en agar nutritivo, Mac Conkey y KF, preparados con agua destilada (MAD) o con agua de mar 10% v/v, (MAM). La carga bacteriana se incrementó entre 20 y 47 veces cuando los medios de cultivo se suplementaron con agua de mar. Las diferencias en las cargas bacterianas entre MAD y MAM, para aerobios mesófilos, coliformes totales y fecales fueron estadísticamente significativas (p≤0,05). El oxígeno disuelto y pH, en ambos medios presentaron valores permisibles.

Due to their use by humans and to preserve public health, recreational marine environments should fulfill physico-chemical and microbiological quality prerequisites. Nevertheless, anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, cattle raising, industrial, touristic and domestic, can discharge contaminated water at marine beaches. The present methods for evaluating the bacterial load of recreational waters does not appear satisfactory, especially concerning the detection of pathogenic microorganisms due to the presence, in marine waters, of viable but not cultivable bacteria (VNCB). This study evaluated the bacterial load of mesophilic aerobials, total and fecal coliforms, and enterococci at the Chichiriviche beaches, Falcon State, Venezuela, and the effect of marine water concentrations over the bacterial densities. The determinations were done in nutrient, Mac Conkey and KF agar prepared with distilled water (MAD) or with sea water (MSW). The bacterial load increased between 27 and 47 times when the culture media were supplement with sea water. The differences of the bacterial loads between MAD and MSW for mesophilic aerobials, total and fecal coliforms were statistically significant (p≤0.05). Dissolved oxygen and pH presented permissible values in both media.

Distribution of Vibrio species in Shellfish and Water Samples Collected from the Atlantic Coastline of South-East Nigeria.

Crayfish, lobster, and sea-water samples collected from five fishing islands on the Atlantic coast–Bight of Biafra (Bonny)–belonging to Ibaka Local Government Area of Akwa-Ibom State of Nigeria were bacteriologically evaluated on thiosulphate citrate bile-salt sucrose (TCBS) agar for Vibrio load and pathotypes. Mean log10 Vibrio counts of 7.64±2.78 cfu/g (in crayfish), 5.07±3.21 cfu/g (in lobster), and 3.06±2.27 cfu/mL (in sea-water) were obtained in rainy season (June-July) while counts in the dry season (November-December) were 6.25±1.93 cfu/g, 5.99±1.54 cfu/g, and 3.84±1.78 cfu/mL respectively. The physicochemical measurements (temperature, pH, and total dissolved solutes) of the sea-water did not vary significantly in the two seasons across all five islands. Vibrio species isolated were Vibrio cholerae (both O1 and non-O1 serotypes), V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus, and V. fluvialis. Both Ogawa and Inaba subtypes of V. cholerae O1 serotype were found. In addition, the Hikojima subtype, which had not been previously reported in the region, was isolated in two samples. The results show that these Vibrio species are endemic in the area.

IMPROVING THE TOLERANCE OF Vicia faba AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL SALINITY RESULTED FROM THE IRRIGATION WITH SEA WATER BY USING KNO3 AND (NH4)2SO4 AS CHEMICAL OSMOREGULATORS / Mejoramiento de la tolerancia de Vicia faba a salinidad ocasionada por irrigación con agua de mar usando KNO3 AND (NH4)2SO4 como osmoreguladores químicos

The familiar solutes, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, PO4(3-), SO4(2-), soluble carbohydrates, amino acids and soluble proteins, which play a role in osmotic adjustment were estimated to investigate the role of potassium nitrate and ammonium sulphate as osmoregulators and their effects on the solutes composition. Vicia faba L. was cultivated and irrigated with 5, 10, 15 and 20 % (v:v) sea water. The plants were divided to three groups. The first was irrigated with sea water only. The second was treated with 5 mM KNO3 while the third was treated with 5mM (NH4)2SO4. The plants were left to grow until flowering stage. The results indicated that the non treated group increased the soluble carbohydrates in the roots to avoid the influx of sodium. The treatment with KNO3 decreased the sodicity (SAR) while (NH4)2SO4 treatment decreased the SK:Na value in the shoots at higher salinity. The availability of nitrogen as nitrate or ammonium ions enhances the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in shoots. The plants of all groups were depended on Ca2+, as compatible solute more than Na+, and K+.

Los solutos Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, PO4(3-), SO4(2-), carbohidratos y proteínas solubles, así como amino ácidos son importantes en ajuste osmótico y fueron estimados para determinar el papel de nitrato de potasio y sulfato de amonio como osmoreguladores y su efecto en la composición de solutos. Vicia faba L. fue cultivada e irrigada con 5, 10, 15 y 20 % (v:v) de agua de mar permitiendo crecimiento hasta el estado de floración. Las plantas fueron divididas en tres grupos. El primero fue irrigado con agua de mar solamente. El segundo fue tratado con 5 mM KNO3, mientras que el tercer grupo fue expuesto a 5mM (NH4)2SO4. Los resultados indican que las plantas del primer grupo (no tratado) incrementan carbohidratos solubles en sus raíces para evitar influjo de sodio. El tratamiento con KNO3 disminuye riqueza de sodio (SAR) mientras que la exposición a (NH4)2SO4 diminuye la de SK:Na en brotes a salinidad alta. La disponibilidad de nitrato o iones amonio aumenta acumulación en las raíces de carbohidratos solubles. Las plantas de todos los grupos dependen de Ca2+ como soluto compatible más que de Na+ o K+.

Ciguatera, presentación de un caso / Sea water fish poisoning, case presentation

Se reportó un caso de un paciente masculino de 34 años de edad con antecedentes personales de buena salud, que acudió al Cuerpo de Guardia del Hospital de Gibara, Provincia de Holguín, intoxicado por el consumo de pescado fresco, específicamente el conocido como Sierra (Perticnis Pertinata). Durante la Colonia, un hacendado inglés se intoxicó tras la ingestión de algún pescado que no recoge la Historia, así como varios de sus familiares y colonos; uno de los colonos, criollo, lo oyó llamar este cuadro como sea water fish poisoning, lo que devino después en "Ciguatera", nunca antes reconocida ni diagnosticada en Cuba. Se describieron las características clínicas de la enfermedad, su etiología, y evolución, así como la conducta asumida. Su proceso correspondió al diagnóstico de Ciguatera. Para la confección del trabajo se revisaron fuentes bibliográficas disponibles, además de las búsquedas en bases de datos de Infomed; como resultados más relevantes, obtuvimos la presentación de manifestaciones clínicas atípicas, así como elementos coincidentes con la bibliografía revisada. Se describieron las características clínicas de la enfermedad, su etiología y evolución, así como la conducta asumida.

A case of 34 years old male patient is presented that went to the department of the Gibara Hospital, Holguin County intoxicated specifically by the consumption of fresh fish known as Sierra (perticnis Pertinata), the process corresponded with the diagnosis of Ciguatera. During colonization a farmowner described his disease after eating a coast fish as "Sea Water poisoning", and one of his apprentice man(also sick) named the disease ( Ciguatera)" as a Creole name for it, never known or recognized in Cuba For the creation of this article, available bibliography sources were revised in our libraries, as well as the databases in infomed, as a results: Outstanding atypical clinical manifestations of the illness and other are described with the revised bibliography, as well as its genesis and evolution.

Serotonin Changes in Specific Brain Regions of Fibromyalgia Animal Model after Deep-sea Water Drinking / 대한류마티스학회지

OBJECTIVE: The acidic saline animal model of pain has been suggested to mimic fibromyalgia (FM). In this model, repeated intramuscular (IM) injections of acidic saline produce a widespread hyperalgesia that persists without evidence of significant peripheral tissue damage or inflammation, and is believed to be centrally maintained. We examined the changes of pain-related neurotransmitters in specific brain regions of this model after deep-sea water (DSW) drinking. METHODS: Rats were injected with 100microliter of acidic saline (pH 4.0) at days 0 and 5 into the left gastrocnemius muscle. Control rats received identical injections of physiological saline (pH 7.2) on the same schedule. Two acidic saline rats were given DSW from 1 week following the last IM injection to sacrifice. All rats were sacrificed on day 20. All regions of interest were examined for the changes of pain-related neurotransmitters with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Preliminary results showed that compared to controls, acid injected rats demonstrated strong expression of serotonin in red and raphe nucleus. Acid injected rats showed significant reductions of the serotonin expression in red and raphe nucleus after DSW drinking. CONCLUSION: IM acid injections increased the expression of serotonin in red and raphe nucleus of rats. The overwhelming reduction of serotonin expression in the nuclei after DSW drinking suggests DSW might be helpful for pain and anxiety. These preliminary data support the validity of acidic saline treatment as a model of FM, and provide a foundation for future analyses of specific brain regions that contribute to this syndrome.

Research Advance of Boron Removal in Reverse Osmosis Desalination / 环境与健康杂志

The process mechanism and current application status of boron removal in reverse osmosis(RO)desalination were introduced.The characteristic and proper application range of eachboron removal process was summarized.Also,the running conditions of two practical desalination cases were analyzed and compared.Eventually,the future of application and the research direction of boron removal process in RO desalination were prospected.

The effect of mouthrinse products containing deep sea water

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinse products containing deep sea water. We used original deep sea water (DSW) and processed deep sea water desalinated by reverse osmosis at one time (DDW-1), by reverse osmosis at two times (DDW-2) and concentrated by reverse osmosis (CDW). We made 2 kinds of mouthrinse products containing CDW and other agents for smell and taste and one product without deep sea water. The negative control was distilled water. In vivo study, the dental plaque index scores and the gingival index scores were reduced after 4 weeks mouthrinsing three times daily with 4 kinds of deep sea water and 3 kinds of mouthrinse products(p<0.05). The pH of dental plaque in 1 minute after mouthrinsing was not higher than 5.5 in all solutions, but the pH in 20 minutes after mouthrinsing was higher than 5.7 in DSW, CDW and 3 kinds of products which had higher mineral contents. In vitro study, the mouthrinse solutions containing the higher mineral contents were also the more effective in reduction of methyl mercaptan which is one of the causes of halitosis. The 2 kinds of products containing deep sea water killed Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) in culture plates in one minute. These results indicate the usability of deep sea water in mouthrinses for oral hygiene management.

A técnica de Blue rayon in situ associada ao teste de Salmonella/microssoma como estratégia para o monitoramento de águas estuarinas quanto à presença de compostos policíclicos genotóxicos / Blue rayon anchored technique in situ associated with Salmonella/microsome assay as a strategy for estuary waters monitoring in relation to the presence of genotoxins polycyclics compounds

O estuário de Santos abriga o maior porto da América Latina e um dos maiores complexos industriais do Brasil. Na década de 1970 foi considerado um dos maiores exemplos de degradação ambiental em ambientes costeiros, e apesar da melhora na qualidade ambiental observada nos últimos anos algumas áreas deste estuário apresentam sedimentos ainda altamente contaminados com compostos tóxicos e genotóxicos, especialmente os Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPA). Operações de dragagem para manutenção das atividades portuárias são necessárias e consequentemente durante este processo pode ocorrer a ressuspensão de contaminantes presentes nesses sedimentos, tornando-os disponíveis novamente na coluna d'água. Desta forma é interessante ter uma estratégia eficiente e aplicável no monitoramento da qualidade dessas águas...

Santos estuary is the major Latin American harbor and one of the largest industrial complex of Brazil. In the 1970s, it was considered one of the major examples of coastal degradation. Due to enforcement actions the quality of the environment has improved in the last years in relation to the chemical parameters and toxicity but unfortunately the sediment is still contaminated with toxic and genotoxic compounds especially Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). For the maintenance of the port activities sediment dredging is needed and during this process contaminants resuspension can occur, leading to the contamination of the water column. Therefore it is interesting to have an efficient strategy that can be used for the water quality monitoring of this area. The Blue rayon is a selective adsorbent to polycyclic compounds containing three or more fused rings and has been successfully used in the monitoring of PAHs and mutagenic activity in aquatic environments. The objective of this work was to evaluate a modified blue rayon hanging technique, denominated in this work "Blue rayon anchored technique", where the fibers are placed at a fixed distance from the sediment, associated with the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension assay in order to monitor the water quality of Santos estuary. Three sites with different sources and sediment contamination levels were selected in this study. Two initial samplings were performed in order to evaluate the efficiency of the BR modified technique and find the most sensitive strain of Salmonella typhimurium to the mutagens possibly present in the those waters as well as verify the presence of PAHs. Five subsequent samplings were performed to verify the performance and efficiency of the defined strategy in the estuary water quality monitoring using dose response experiments. In the two initial samplings, the water from the site containing the most contaminated sediment and under influence of COSIPA (site 1) presented higher mutagenic activity and higher levels of PAHs. It was also possible to verify the highest sensitivity of the YG1041 strain in the detection of the mutagenic activity in both sites analyzed. In the subsequent five samplings, higher mutagenic potencies were again observed for site 1, reaching 5,100 and 36,000 revertants per gram of BR for the YG1 041 strain in the absence and presence of S9 respectively. Sites 2 and: presented similar potencies, around 1000 revertants per gram of BR. Based on the obtained results we can conclude that the Blue rayon anchored technique associated with the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension assay with the YG1041 strain in the presence and absence of S9 is an suitable tool to monito Santos estuarine waters.

Pathogenicity of Vibrio fluvialis Isolated from Seacoast / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the pathogenicity of the Vibrio fluvialis isolated from the coastal seawater.METHODS Virulence experiment group:22 Kunming mice were divided into four subgroups in random:V.fluvialis was injected into abdominal cavity in the test subgroup.And Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were injected into the positive control subgroups,separately and aseptic physiological saline was injected into the negative control group.Wound infection group:22 SPF mice were divided into four supgroups in random after their legs were injured:the experimental supgroup(soaked in artificial seawater with V.fluvialis);the positive control groups(with S.aureus and E.coli,separately);the negative control group(soaked in aseptic artificial seawater).The general condition,blood routine,blood culture,organ culture and wound secretion culture of the mice were observed.The pathological analysis of the mice was taken after sacrifice on the 3rd day.RESULTS In virulence experiment group,among all the 7 mice′s blood culture of V.fluvialis supgroup,5 mice were found V.fluvialis positive after 12 h injection,and 2 mice kept on positive until 24 h.In wound infection group,pathological examination showed there were a large number of neutrophils distributed over the striated muscle of the injured sites and cellulitis formed.CONCLUSIONS The V.fluvialis isolated from the sea water has pathogenicity,and can cause wound) infection and septicemia when the concentration reached 106 CFU/ml.

Suggested Effects of Warm Deep Sea Bathing on Daylight Sleep and Relaxation in Night Shift Workers / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

In order to investigate the effects of deep sea water bathing on relaxation and daylight sleep in night shift workers, electroencephalography, circulatory and cardiac autonomic functionings, visual evoked potential, biochemical markers in urine and saliva, core body temperature, sleep questionnaires, and mood state questionnaires were evaluated in nine subjects to compare with other three kinds of bathing including sham (no water), tap water and surface sea water. Deep sea water bathing showed better subjective sleep latency for sleep questionnaire (p<0.1) and significantly better vigor status for mood questionnaire (p<0.01) between four kinds of bathing. With regard to the objective data, despite the biggest increase in temperature of eardrum in deep sea water bathing, the highest sleep efficiency and the shortest wake period during sleep in electroencephalography did not reach to the significant level.

Evaluation of physical and chemical feature of seawater at Do Son tourism zone - Hai Phong in 2001

30 samples of sea water at the Do Son coast in 3 sections of Do Son tourism zone was randomly analyzed by using the cross - sectional study in 2001. Physical feature: most of sea water samples analyzed at section I of Do Son did not reach standards of hygiene, samples in section II and III reached hygiene standards, except for color feature, only 60% samples had hygiene standards. Chemical feature: all samples analyzed had higher NH3 and NaCL concentration than that of permitted standards. This is an interested issue to limit sea water pollution in this tourism zone

Psycho-physiologic Effects of Deep Sea Water Bathing / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

In order to investigate effects of deep sea water bathing on psycho-physiological status, body temperature, circulatory and autonomic nervous system functions, and questionnaires on refreshment and sleep were evaluated in comparison with other 3 kinds of bathing including sham (no water), surface sea water and tap water. The skin temperatures of both tights and lower back were significantly higher for only deep sea water bathing compared with the sham bathing. It was also the case for tympanic temperature. Concerning circularly and autonomic nervous functions there were no significant difference between 4 kinds of bathing. For refreshment and sleep quality both sea water bathing showed higher scores, but not consistently significant differences. However, when taking any kind of bath shorter sleep latency was related to higher cardiac parasympathetic activity during sleep.

Subacute effects of deep-sea water from the Japan Sea on blood examination values in mice

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To clarify the characteristics of deep-sea water (DSW), we investigated the hematological, immunological and biochemical effects of DSW, specifically the so-called Japan Sea Proper Water (JSPW), samples of which we collected from the Japan Sea at a depth of about 300 meters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five groups of five mice each were orally administered,ad libitum for 12 weeks, one of the following: 1.2% DSW, 12% DSW, 1.2% surface-sea water (SSW), 12% SSW, or purified water (control)</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among these groups, no significant differences were observed in the average reduction of water intake, food consumption or body weight. The mean corpuscular volume, however, was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 1.2% DSW group than in the control group. Moreover, serum immunoglobulin G and A values were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the 12% DSW and the 12% SSW groups, respectively, compared with the control group. In addition, the serum glucose value in the 12% DSW group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the control group</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The findings of the present study suggested the presence of some toxic components in DSW. Before a final answer is reached about whether DSW, and specifically JSPW, is bad for human health, the pathophysiology of findings such as the decreased mean corpuscular volume, the higher immunoglobulin G value and the higher glucose value should be investigated.</p>